Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release Essay - 2

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release - Essay Example As the whole event unfolded, the company took the action of keeping the families, friends, and the employees informed about the condition of the victims, at one point a video was played showing their condition; they were able to sing the national anthem. The constant communication relayed to the people was very important as it kept them with high hopes. The government presence also played a major role, as the workers were assured of government protection. Keywords: Audience, Communication, Mines, Report, Victims, Memo, Accident, Family, Friends, Employees, Protection, Expectation, Hope, Information Considerations to remember given different roles and the audiences According to Lundgren and McMakin (2013), one cannot communicate unless he or she knows the audience with whom to pass the message. It is a noble thing to know the audience to avoid limiting oneself to one form of communication. In this case of trapped miners, the audience comprise of the families, friends, workmates, and t he entire nation. All are very much depressed and hopeless; therefore, the information required is the one that will give them hope and expectation. They characteristics the information should have are highlighted as follows: The message delivered should carry a lot of hope and encouragement, and ensure the drafted information to be released should meet the people’s expectations, and to a larger extent, be persuasive and convincing. This will calm the people’s emotions. Communication given must outline the effort carried out to salvage the lives of the victims. It should also be timely; that is to say, the report should be released to the people early and updates given most frequently. This will enable the people to track the progress of the operation. The method of revealing information to the people should be carefully considered amongst the many forms like, face to face, written memos, emails, and press releases. The well chosen form should be the one that will reac h the targeted audience conveniently, in time, and provide a means of dialogue, if appropriate. For the case of San_Jos mines accident, psychologists had to review the video that was due to be revealed to the people. Potential need of the family members It should be noted that in such incidents, the families of the victims are the most traumatized audience, and at such moments, their great desire is to get the report concerning the well being of their loved ones. The first thing they would want to hear is that their loved ones are alive. According to the New York Times ( â€Å" Chile Mining Incident (2010),† 2011), during the rescue process, a modified telephone was provided to the trapped victims, they were thus able to sing their National anthem, and this caused a lot of jubilation amongst their relatives. This outlines that their key need is to know that they are alive. Another important requirement by the relatives is assurance in the rescue process; they would like the m atter be handled timely and their trapped relatives to come out alive. Potential needs of the employees The employees would like to know how the company has responded to the accident. They want their workmates be rescued, and they also want to know how the company is prepared to respond to such calamities, since they are much aware that they are in a similar risk. Additionally, their requirement is to see that the victims receive compensation from the company and that their job

Business decision making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business decision making - Assignment Example Decision making process is a very significant function to any company that must attain success in the market. It stipulates the areas that the company can easily penetrate in the market without enormous incurrence on costs and any impending risks. Data collection is the approach that wills open doors for such a company to make an adequate decision from the analysis they arrive at as per the data segments (Carroll, 2008). In this paper is stipulated that data analysis is a significant faction which every company ought to adopt. The report revolves around a fashion industry selling fashion clothes, shoes, jeans and other related fashion components whose main target is the youth generation. It possesses a challenge since the youths are dynamics in their desires, this call for constant review of its products to meet the demand of its market segment. A group comprising of 20 youths is sampled from Coventry region who are interviewed on a major market trends about fashion and their take on how fashion impacts the development of new products in the market. Their involvement in the changes is the key factor that is considered (Bazerman& Moore, 2013). Decisions amount to the most significant components to business in the market regardless of its current position. For a business to start it must involve decision making processes and growing business must always apply different decisions for its growth purposes, otherwise growth and start-up will never be met. An agglomeration of factors must be taken into consideration on the particular field of the company. A company ought to ask such questions like what is my market size. What is the market trend? Who are my consumers? What is the market perception? Among other critical questions which will drive the company to undertake proper steps. Quality, quantity, location, size and other structural characteristics are influenced by the decisions made by management in a company (Teale,

Narrative Structure Essay Example for Free

Narrative Structure Essay The simple folksy dialogue between the two younger siblings hazel and George is very effective in downplaying their intelligence. With lines such as â€Å"that was doozy† or when George explains the sound he heard by saying â€Å" sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a ball peen hammer† George being so above average in intelligence has a mental handicap radio in his ear that beeps every 20 seconds in order to prevent him from taking unfair advantage of his thoughts. These conversations are simple and believable despite the absurd 20 second beeping George must experience, Vonnegut does not have to say this is absurd as it is interpreted by readers through dialogue. The story follows diachronic order, Harrison is taken away from his family, then escapes jail and declares himself emperor, is shot down by Diana Moon Glampers and the story ends with the Bergerons watching this all on TV yet displaying not emotions to their death of their own son with the exception of Hazel’s tears although she herself has no idea why she is crying. Synchronic order is not common as the story aims to focus Narrative Structure See more: what is narrative writing The simple folksy dialogue between the two younger siblings hazel and George is very effective in downplaying their intelligence. With lines such as â€Å"that was doozy† or when George explains the sound he heard by saying â€Å" sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a ball peen hammer† George being so above average in intelligence has a mental handicap radio in his ear that beeps every 20 seconds in order to prevent him from taking unfair advantage of his thoughts. These conversations are simple and believable despite the absurd 20 second beeping George must experience, Vonnegut does not have to say this is absurd as it is interpreted by readers through dialogue. The story follows diachronic order, Harrison is taken away from his family, then escapes jail and declares himself emperor, is shot down by Diana Moon Glampers and the story ends with the Bergerons watching this all on TV yet displaying not emotions to their death of their own son with the exception of Hazel’s tears although she herself has no idea why she is crying. Synchronic order is not common as the story aims to focus Kurt Vonnegut’s short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† both mimics and satirizes the way Americans came to see the enemy – socialism/communism and, specifically the Soviet Union during the cold war, which peaked at its height of distrust and fear in the late 1950-60’s during which this story was written. It explores the theory of â€Å"tall poppy syndrome†, when people of brilliance or exceptional ability are brought down, criticized or cut due to the idea humans are unable to accept someone else being placed on a higher pedestal. As the story’s main concept is enforcing equality among all human beings by giving those with better traits handicaps in order to create a balanced level of intelligence and beauty among all. The short story draws upon a controversial speech made by Newton Minow titled â€Å"The Vast Wasteland† in it he explained that instead of challenging people to think, television programming was making it easier for people to avoid serious thought. Within the story of Harrison Bergeron television is used as a time filler, a method of preventing average people from thinking, similar to Minow’s description. Kurt Vonnegut’s short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† both mimics and satirizes the way Americans came to see the enemy – socialism/communism and, specifically the Soviet Union during the cold war, which peaked at its height of distrust and fear in the late 1950-60’s during which this story was written. It explores the theory of â€Å"tall poppy syndrome†, when people of brilliance or exceptional ability are brought down, criticized or cut due to the idea humans are unable to accept someone else being placed on a higher pedestal. As the story’s main concept is enforcing equality among all human beings by giving those with better traits handicaps in order to create a balanced level of intelligence and beauty among all. The short story draws upon a controversial speech made by Newton Minow titled â€Å"The Vast Wasteland† in it he explained that instead of challenging people to think, television programming was making it easier for people to avoid serious thought. Within the story of Harrison Bergeron television is used as a time filler, a method of preventing average people from thinking, similar to Minow’s description. Due to the amount of speech within the narrative analepsis is rarely used, however prolepsis is seen at the beginning of the story in the introduction where it reads â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal† and through the line â€Å"some things about the living still weren’t quite right though†/ As both these lines have significant meaning to the conflict that is about to arise. Both of these being â€Å"proleptic† details. The story follows a diagetic sequence and has lineal progression. The narrator begins the story with informing readers that the human race has come to live in equality yet then reveals how this equality leads to the conflict created by Harrison Bergeron and so on leads to his escape and murder one event following the other. Due to the amount of speech within the narrative analepsis is rarely used, however prolepsis is seen at the beginning of the story in the introduction where it reads â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal† and through the line â€Å"some things about the living still weren’t quite right though†/ As both these lines have significant meaning to the conflict that is about to arise. Both of these being â€Å"proleptic† details. The story follows a diagetic sequence and has lineal progression. The narrator begins the story with informing readers that the human race has come to live in equality yet then reveals how this equality leads to the conflict created by Harrison Bergeron and so on leads to his escape and murder one event following the other. on the achievement of equality among all in the current year 2081 and not reflect on the past where social order and class were present. Aspects that had previously â€Å"ruined† society. We are introduced to the primary narrative through the line â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. Providing readers with the concept that equality has been achieved, the secondary narrative embedded within the story would be the tale of Harrison Bergeron, who strives to change the perspective that all humans must live accordingly by escaping jail and declaring that he is to be emperor, placing himself upon a pedestal above others. The narrative is single ended as we finish on a conversation between Hazel and George rather than re-visiting the beginning of the narrative and further explaining how equality had come to be achieved. on the achievement of equality among all in the current year 2081 and not reflect on the past where social order and class were present. Aspects that had previously â€Å"ruined† society. We are introduced to the primary narrative through the line â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. Providing readers with the concept that equality has been achieved, the secondary narrative embedded within the story would be the tale of Harrison Bergeron, who strives to change the perspective that all humans must live accordingly by escaping jail and declaring that he is to be emperor, placing himself upon a pedestal above others. The narrative is single ended as we finish on a conversation between Hazel and George rather than re-visiting the beginning of the narrative and further explaining how equality had come to be achieved. * Harrison Bergeron: possess intelligence so immense that at the beginning of the story the Handicapper General has him arrested on suspicion of â€Å"plotting to overthrow the government†. Harrison’s actions suggest an ironic theme: corruptive power. Following his escape Harrison repeats government errors by establishing himself as emperor. Had his death not occurred these acts of rebellion would send society back to the â€Å"dark ages† of social and individual competition. * George Bergeron: Harrisons father bears a number of handicaps that suppress his above average intelligence. He refuses to remove any of them abiding by the law as he believes any attempt to alter life as it is will cause civilization to regress back to times of war and argument due to difference between human beings. * Hazel Bergeron- Harrisons mother does not wear any handicaps, as she possesses â€Å"normal† intelligence, appearance and strength. In this story however â€Å"normal† means one is incompetent or unable to fathom anything beyond that which is superficial. Her dialogue with her husband makes reference towards the comedic team of George Burns and Gracie Allen a comedy show from which Vonnegut was said to have learnt all his social and political idealisms from. * Diana Moon Glampers- The United States handicapper kills Harrison Bergeron by shotgun as he threatens to disrupt civilization. She ruthlessly maintains law and order without due process. A lot of the story takes place in what is unsaid and can be read between the lines and subtle dialogues of the main characters. When Hazel Bergeron said, I think Id make a good Handicapper General , her husband replied, Good as anybody else. The reader will surmise that meant it quite literally because in the story everyone is equal, so the idea of being better than anyone else, of competition, was nonexistent. This is an example of Explict characterization. * Harrison Bergeron: possess intelligence so immense that at the beginning of the story the Handicapper General has him arrested on suspicion of â€Å"plotting to overthrow the government†. Harrison’s actions suggest an ironic theme: corruptive power. Following his escape Harrison repeats government errors by establishing himself as emperor. Had his death not occurred these acts of rebellion would send society back to the â€Å"dark ages† of social and individual competition. * George Bergeron: Harrisons father bears a number of handicaps that suppress his above average intelligence. He refuses to remove any of them abiding by the law as he believes any attempt to alter life as it is will cause civilization to regress back to times of war and argument due to difference between human beings. * Hazel Bergeron- Harrisons mother does not wear any handicaps, as she possesses â€Å"normal† intelligence, appearance and strength. In this story however â€Å"normal† means one is incompetent or unable to fathom anything beyond that which is superficial. Her dialogue with her husband makes reference towards the comedic team of George Burns and Gracie Allen a comedy show from which Vonnegut was said to have learnt all his social and political idealisms from. * Diana Moon Glampers- The United States handicapper kills Harrison Bergeron by shotgun as he threatens to disrupt civilization. She ruthlessly maintains law and order without due process. A lot of the story takes place in what is unsaid and can be read between the lines and subtle dialogues of the main characters. When Hazel Bergeron said, I think Id make a good Handicapper General , her husband replied, Good as anybody else. The reader will surmise that meant it quite literally because in the story everyone is equal, so the idea of being better than anyone else, of competition, was nonexistent. This is an example of Explict characterization. Characterization Characterization Story is told in third-person limited point of view, the narrator is not a character within the story but is privy to the thoughts of one character. He is a â€Å"covert† narrator, un-identified yet still able to narrate the thoughts and feelings of characters. The narrator does not draw conclusion, make decisions or make judgments about the events. The objectivity of the narrator suggests a distancing from the hostile world of the story. The narration is heterodiegtic, an omniscient narrator meaning he has a detailed overview of what is happening in the story at the present time as well as an insight into the thoughts and feelings of other characters. Internal and External focalization are both present throughout the narrative. Internal focalization is seen through George: â€Å" he tried to think a little about the ballerinas. They weren’t really any better than anyone else would have been anyway†. External focalization is seen through the television announcer: â€Å"and she had to apologize for her voice at once, which was a very unfair voice for a women to use. Her voice was a warm luminous timeless melody†. This short story is both mimetic and diegetic, an example of diegesis would be â€Å" TH YEARS WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. As it summarizes the events leading to the major concept of equality. An example of mimesis would be â€Å"nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. The narrator is reliable third person, omniscient. Story is told in third-person limited point of view, the narrator is not a character within the story but is privy to the thoughts of one character. He is a â€Å"covert† narrator, un-identified yet still able to narrate the thoughts and feelings of characters. The narrator does not draw conclusion, make decisions or make judgments about the events. The objectivity of the narrator suggests a distancing from the hostile world of the story. The narration is heterodiegtic, an omniscient narrator meaning he has a detailed overview of what is happening in the story at the present time as well as an insight into the thoughts and feelings of other characters. Internal and External focalization are both present throughout the narrative. Internal focalization is seen through George: â€Å" he tried to think a little about the ballerinas. They weren’t really any better than anyone else would have been anyway†. External focalization is seen through the television announcer: â€Å"and she had to apologize for her voice at once, which was a very unfair voice for a women to use. Her voice was a warm luminous timeless melody†. This short story is both mimetic and diegetic, an example of diegesis would be â€Å" TH YEARS WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. As it summarizes the events leading to the major concept of equality. An example of mimesis would be â€Å"nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. Strength, talent, brains and beauty to a common standard. It seems today everyone wishes to be like someone else, everyone wants to be accepted and people will go to extremities to do this. One common factor is working out. Gyms are continually advertised everywhere, owning your own gym equipment is affordable and physical education is a required subject throughout school. We are attracted to strength because it is needed to survive. Yet it is not because we need strength that we are attracted to it vanity plays a large part. TV shows such as â€Å"Biggest Loser† and â€Å"Survivour† reward those who help you reach your standard of beauty , and although we do not place handicaps on those who are stronger we have created the desire for everyone to beequal in the area. It might not be the same as weighting everybody down to be equally â€Å"bad,† but enhancing everybody to make them equally â€Å"good† is still removing diversity; it is still conformity, only, perhaps, in a more pleasing way. Strength, talent, brains and beauty to a common standard. It seems today everyone wishes to be like someone else, everyone wants to be accepted and people will go to extremities to do this. One common factor is working out. Gyms are continually advertised everywhere, owning your own gym equipment is affordable and physical education is a required subject throughout school. We are attracted to strength because it is needed to survive. Yet it is not because we need strength that we are attracted to it vanity plays a large part. TV shows such as â€Å"Biggest Loser† and â€Å"Survivour† reward those who help you reach your standard of beauty , and although we do not place handicaps on those who are stronger we have created the desire for everyone to beequal in the area. It might not be the same as weighting everybody down to be equally â€Å"bad,† but enhancing everybody to make them equally â€Å"good† is still removing diversity; it is still conformity, only, perhaps, in a more pleasing way. Values and Morals The values and morals expressed in Harrison Bergeron are those that surround us daily. For example some schools play down the dumbest in order to pass the most, and in the process neglect the brightest, denying them the full advantages of their education and compromising their future. Society nowadays is conforming our strength Values and Morals The values and morals expressed in Harrison Bergeron are those that surround us daily. For example some schools play down the dumbest in order to pass the most, and in the process neglect the brightest, denying them the full advantages of their education and compromising their future. Society nowadays is conforming our strength Nunc urna lorem, gravida vel, sollicitudin in, dignissim in, nunc Nunc urna lorem, gravida vel, sollicitudin in, dignissim in, nunc Etiam pharetra, elit a aliquam ultrices, nisl quam viverra felis, non tincidunt eros leo non sapien. Pellentesque pretium nunc id nunc. Phasellus eget felis. Mauris euismod, velit nec facilisis gravida, tortor justo consectetuer diam, id venenatis diam orci vel leo. Suspendisse ut massa et lacus faucibus imperdiet. Nulla felis orci, iaculis sed, euismod ac, egestas in, odio. Suspendisse consequat velit eu enim. Quisque quis nisl. Cras ac libero varius dui porta nonummy. Duis tincidunt, quam vitae cursus aliquet, nisi arcu consectetuer orci, vitae condimentum dui nisi quis diam. Aliquam erat volutpat. Morbi sodales. Cras commodo, purus et tempor mollis, orci est venenatis tortor, in rutrum nibh neque sed purus. Aenean leo ante, commodo non, molestie id, fringilla sit amet, dui. Ut a mi. Nulla nisi nisi, blandit non, sollicitudin non, faucibus sed, ante. Nullam vitae libero. Nulla posuere, augue a gravida molestie, leo tellus euismod lorem, ut suscipit nisl tortor interdum arcu. Duis leo nunc, congue in, aliquet ac, pretium sagittis, elit. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Phasellus in sem. Curabitur auctor fermentum elit. Fusce et dolor. Cras pretium nonummy justo. Vivamus pretium, massa et consequat consectetuer, massa nisi ullamcorper lectus, et luctus magna sem in velit. Cras egestas. Integer neque. Fusce sapien turpis, vulputate a, fermentum a, porta in, massa. Cras at quam. Donec hendrerit volutpat leo. Praesent lobortis. Morbi tincidunt mollis dolor. Nulla malesuada, tortor ut auctor pulvinar, ligula felis ultricies pede, et porttitor mi purus tristique mi. Vestibulum nec nisl sed odio semper auctor. Curabitur convallis elit id augue sollicitudin mattis. Sed ipsum. Sed in leo non nisl sollicitudin faucibus. Aliquam pharetra semper arcu. Proin ut ante. Integer consequat sapien quis nunc convallis posuere. Vestibulum in nunc a risus laoreet tempus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. In consectetuer ligula ac tellus. Phasellus sit amet tortor. Nunc ultricies, orci ac placerat iaculis, neque ligula sodales metus, vel sollicitudin nibh sem ac lacus. Aenean iaculis. Quisque vitae nibh. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Quisque tortor ligula, elementum sed, facilisis ut, auctor vitae, erat. Cras in justo nec ipsum vulputate faucibus. Integer consequat augue ut dolor. Fusce congue. Nam ut enim nec velit tincidunt posuere. Vivamus dui. Vestibulum sagittis rutrum justo. Donec vel velit elementum diam consectetuer lobortis. Nunc hendrerit, leo in sodales ornare, nisi dolor ullamcorper felis, vel sollicitudin enim ipsum sed nulla. Donec sit amet urna non augue pellentesque fermentum. Cras varius risus auctor tellus. Vivamus venenatis tincidunt ligula. Praesent a turpis. Duis tempus, lorem eget imperdiet condimentum, magna mauris ornare turpis, vitae dapibus pede sem lacinia sapien. Nulla ut eros eu nisi suscipit sodales. Suspendisse lobortis. Vestibulum accumsan ante id erat. Etiam pharetra, elit a aliquam ultrices, nisl quam viverra felis, non tincidunt eros leo non sapien. Pellentesque pretium nunc id nunc. Phasellus eget felis. Mauris euismod, velit nec facilisis gravida, tortor justo consectetuer diam, id venenatis diam orci vel leo. Suspendisse ut massa et lacus faucibus imperdiet. Nulla felis orci, iaculis sed, euismod ac, egestas in, odio. Suspendisse consequat velit eu enim. Quisque quis nisl. Cras ac libero varius dui porta nonummy. Duis tincidunt, quam vitae cursus aliquet, nisi arcu consectetuer orci, vitae condimentum dui nisi quis diam. Aliquam erat volutpat. Morbi sodales. Cras commodo, purus et tempor mollis, orci est venenatis tortor, in rutrum nibh neque sed purus. Aenean leo ante, commodo non, molestie id, fringilla sit amet, dui. Ut a mi. Nulla nisi nisi, blandit non, sollicitudin non, faucibus sed, ante. Nullam vitae libero. Nulla posuere, augue a gravida molestie, leo tellus euismod lorem, ut suscipit nisl tortor interdum arcu. Duis leo nunc, congue in, aliquet ac, pretium sagittis, elit. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Phasellus in sem. Curabitur auctor fermentum elit. Fusce et dolor. Cras pretium nonummy justo. Vivamus pretium, massa et consequat consectetuer, massa nisi ullamcorper lectus, et luctus magna sem in velit. Cras egestas. Integer neque. Fusce sapien turpis, vulputate a, fermentum a, porta in, massa. Cras at quam. Donec hendrerit volutpat leo. Praesent lobortis. Morbi tincidunt mollis dolor. Nulla malesuada, tortor ut auctor pulvinar, ligula felis ultricies pede, et porttitor mi purus tristique mi. Vestibulum nec nisl sed odio semper auctor. Curabitur convallis elit id augue sollicitudin mattis. Sed ipsum. Sed in leo non nisl sollicitudin faucibus. Aliquam pharetra semper arcu. Proin ut ante. Integer consequat sapien quis nunc convallis posuere. Vestibulum in nunc a risus laoreet tempus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. In consectetuer ligula ac tellus. Phasellus sit amet tortor. Nunc ultricies, orci ac placerat iaculis, neque ligula sodales metus, vel sollicitudin nibh sem ac lacus. Aenean iaculis. Quisque vitae nibh. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Quisque tortor ligula, elementum sed, facilisis ut, auctor vitae, erat. Cras in justo nec ipsum vulputate faucibus. Integer consequat augue ut dolor. Fusce congue. Nam ut enim nec velit tincidunt posuere. Vivamus dui. Vestibulum sagittis rutrum justo. Donec vel velit elementum diam consectetuer lobortis. Nunc hendrerit, leo in sodales ornare, nisi dolor ullamcorper felis, vel sollicitudin enim ipsum sed nulla. Donec sit amet urna non augue pellentesque fermentum. Cras varius risus auctor tellus. Vivamus venenatis tincidunt ligula. Praesent a turpis. Duis tempus, lorem eget imperdiet condimentum, magna mauris ornare turpis, vitae dapibus pede sem lacinia sapien. Nulla ut eros eu nisi suscipit sodales. Suspendisse lobortis. Vestibulum accumsan ante id erat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In vestibulum accumsan quam. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce vitae ipsum vehicula neque vehicula mattis. Pellentesque bibendum scelerisque ligula. Nulla ut nisl at nulla condimentum facilisis. Etiam commodo nulla non turpis. Sed a justo. Aenean gravida. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In vestibulum accumsan quam. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce vitae ipsum vehicula neque vehicula mattis. Pellentesque bibendum scelerisque ligula. Nulla ut nisl at nulla condimentum facilisis. Etiam commodo nulla non turpis. Sed a justo. Aenean gravida. Suspendisse potenti!

Models of Reflective Practice for Education

Models of Reflective Practice for Education Reflective practice has particularly grown and expanded its field in different professional disciplines and contexts; each with their own differences and nuances (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). It is widely agreed that the intention of reflective practice is performance improvement, manifested through analyzing on strengths and the development of competence. However, Anderson (1996) highlights the fact that reflection in professional practice returns not what it is but what might be an improvement on the original. This essay examines the understanding of the reflective practice by using theories and models of reflective practitioners. The reflective examples and experiences is illustrated as a learning unit and an assessment tool including the approaches taken to integrate the reflective example as part of the work integrated learning experience. 2) MODELS OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE There is a clear understanding of what reflective practice that identifies the attributes of a reflective practitioner (Thorpe, 2004). The three main models are highlighted below: 3.1) Jenny Moon (1999) Model of Reflection: Moon (1999) defines a common sense reflection as a form of mental processing with a purpose and/or anticipated outcome that is applied to relatively complex or unstructured ideas for which there is not an obvious solution. Moon (1995, 1999) explains further by outlining the fact that differing views of reflection arises from outcomes of learning and material for further reflection and action. It is widely agreed that the intention of reflective practice is the surface learning that define characteristics which does not involve reflection but points out the condition for reflection (Moon, 2001). Moon (1999) takes a slightly different approach identifying five stages in learning called map of learning (Figure 2). To see that that learning has occurred, it is important to NOTICE. It can be successful by getting to know the material as coherent MAKING SENSE and the meaningness to develop a holistic view MAKING MEANING which can be done by creating relationships of new material with other ideas WORKING WITH MEANING. To ensure that the new learning has been transformed, it is necessary to TRANSFORM LEARNING. 3.2) Gibbs (1988) Model of Reflection John (2004) mentions that Gibbs (1988) in his model clarifies that reflective pratice deals with practitioners to reflect on their normal way to thinking and responding within the given situation towards gaining insights into self and practice. Reflection alone is not sufficient but taking action is the solution. Therefore, one needs to put their learning, knowledge and new understanding into practice; allowing the reflective process to inform the practice (Jasper, 2003). The work of Gibbs (1988, 1998) allows the reflective practitioner to analyze and evaluate the practice and make necessary improvements into their practice. Gibbs (1988) introduces experimential reflective cycle (Fig 3) comprising of six elements of reflection which shows a clear DESCRIPTION of the situation, analysis of the FEELINGS, EVALUATIONof the experience, ANALYSIS to make sense of the experience, CONCLUSION and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation occurred again ACTION PLAN (Fig 4). 3.3) Kolb (1984) Model of Reflection Kolb (1984) identified and developed a theory of experiential learning that gives a constructive way to develop our practice. This process is called The Kolb Cycle or The Experiential Learning Cycle. Clark (2008) reports that the cycle consists of four different stages of learning from experience that can be penetrated at any stage. All four stages must be followed in sequence for successful learning to take place. The Learning Cycle recommends that it is not only sufficient to have a concrete experience DO in order to learn but also necessary to reflect on the experience OBSERVE to generalise and formulate concepts THINK that can be implemented to new situations. Hence, it makes it necessary for the learner to link between the theory and action by planning PLAN, representing back to the theory (Fig 5). 3) REFLECTIVE EXAMPLES In this first part of the section is the reflection on the situation by using Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle which is a recognized framework for my reflection. 4.1) PART 1 (THE ACCIDENT) During my summer holidays last year , my family and myself were at my brothers apartment enjoying ourselves and having a good time. My brother received a call from Bangalore, India, where his son, Saurav, studied. He disclosed that his son had met with a critical accident. I was shocked and difficult for me to gather my thoughts and comprehend the situation around me. I had never been in a situation where someone close to me was fighting for his life. Never being in a situation like this before I felt the need to follow someone or do something to keep myself occupied. I followed Pratima (sister-in-law) to the kitchen to make a tea for everyone present at the apartment. While in the kitchen I encountered awkward silence between us, feeling pressure of this silence, I intended to break the ice by approaching her to offer my support. Upon approaching her I noticed that she had a worried look on her face. She looked into my eyes and bursted out into tears. This outbreak of her emotions left me feeling even more awkward and I lost all sense of what to do or say. Hearing the sobs of Pratima, my mother came rushing into the kitchen and took control of her. I felt quite sad because of my nephews accident and my own stupidity of not being able to handle my state of mind in an intense pressure situation. Upon analysing this situation I should have known Pratima was feeling tensed and anxious. I should have prepared myself to give Pratima a bit more time alone, as well as I should have had someone with more experience to take control of the situation. But next time my action plan should be to control some of my anxiety and help them reduce their anxiety by showing a bit more empathy to someone who is feeling very emotional. 4.2) PART 2 (PRESENTATION) The second part is the reflection on the situation by using Moon (1999) model of reflection. _______________________________________________________________________ Prior to the beginning of my second academic year at the University I motivated myself to go and travel around England and India. Because of the nature of my travel I reached University ten days late. My inability to reach University on time took away some form of focus away from my action plan of being focused from the beginning. I did not feel like I was in the right frame of mind to undertake my studies seriously. The first assignment was a presentation and a report writing for the first term in Business Strategic Analysis on Stakeholders and Shareholders interrelation. As I was lagging behind I spoke to Mr. Craig, my module leader, about my inability to focus upon the task. Mr. Craig encouraged me and spoke to me about the situation, this pep talk made me feel a lot better. I have difficulty in doing presentations as I cannot seem to organize my ideas and thoughts in words. Most of the tutors have explained and demonstrated to us in the class as to how to present, but for some reason I get butterflies in my stomach , loose confidence and forget what I actually intend to speak when confronted by a large group. I practiced a lot and took help from youtube because the web-site has wonderful examples of tackling with Public Speaking issues. My group helped me to structure my notes and alloted me my part for the presentation. I thought I could speak on the spot by revising a little bit on it. On the final day, my performance was satisfactory but I managed to convey what I intended to. Our group got a B- in it but it was quite worth the experience. The audience understood what I spoke but I do not think I would do anything different next time as now I have the ability and confidence to enable myself to tailor my presentaion and deliver satisfactory results. 4.3) PART 3 (BASKETBALL SKILLS) The third part is the reflection on the situation by using Kolb (1984) model of reflection. _________________________________________________________________________ During my second year, I decided to get myself involved with Sports, so I joined the Universitys Women Basketball Team. Before I got selected, I had to go through a selection session in the Sports Hall, where we were asked to form a team and play and friendly match. Though it was my first time experiencing it, I was not nervous at all because I had been playing basketball since childhood. The game started with a whistle blow. That game was 45 minutes long and it was the worst game I had ever played. According to my observation, I did not perform up to my expectation. There were a lot of violation of rules during the game like fouls, travelling, double dribble, pushing, pulling and out of bounds. There was no team evidence during the match, only individual players playing to prove a point. At the end of the selection, I got selected to my own suprise as I believed I did not play to my maximum potential. One main talent that is required in the game is shooting skills. As basketball can only be won by points, if you cannot shoot, you cannot win. I attempted to shoot 50 times but scored only 12 points. This showed my weakness in shooting skills. I had a word with the coach and the vice coach of the team about improving my shooting skills who provided me insights concerning scoring techniques. The coach demonstrated to me the underlying techniques to shoot properly. It gave me a brief idea as to how to shoot which heped be boost my confidence. I plan to practice and improve my technique using insights from the coach as well as experience from the first match and plan accordingly for the upcoming match. 3) APPROACH TO REFLECTIVE PRACTICE According to my observation and experiences, I noted that reflective practice module has improved my skills of reflection to my practice with the important intention of improving my professional practice. The assessment associated alloted during seminars and workshop has assisted me to prioritize, evaluate and understand the work I already know and have done. Experiencing the critique of a competence based approach while applying for placement jobs, I specifically measured and identified explicit learning outcomes and competencies. Although the company applied in rejected me, my confidence and my advance understanding made more sense when looking back at where I have been, what I did where different patterns begin to emerge. In a session with my module tutors to discuss the feedback from my first term was satisfactory. Reflecting upon my overall performance in my work, I noticed that I require to develop my learning in my next upcoming assignment. Working with more confidence, having a set target and a new direction to work, may help me understand the profound knowledge that underlies. The learning gained enabled me to apply the skills of reflection to the CPD cycle (planning, action, evaluating and reflection) where planning to meet its requirement can improve and enhance other situations like my upcoming work in order to improve practice. In response to the learnings undertaken I sense a need to change or modify my practice like effective time management, recognize my current level of performance, more feedback and support and monitor and review progress. Monitoring the process of working on my academic development plan via reflective practice has brought a vast difference in my study methods. When I look back at my performance during the past few years and assess my learning and development I have gained this year, I reflect situations where I found difficulties in completing my assignments, poor time management, preconception that it is difficult and honesty with self. Furthermore, Personal SWOT Analysis is worth commencing from the scratch in order to know your strengths, weaknesses, opprtunities and threats so that you can act accordingly to improve the outcome of your performance. 4) BECOMING A REFLECTIVE PRACTITIONER The standards required to meet the effectiveness of the practitioner are to evaluate the current and future requirements of the role, take account of the value and objectives of the organization (Race, 2002; Argyris and Schon, 1974), identify the areas of strength, and monitor the outcome of the work which can be enhanced upon. When I perform tasks,I need to reflect on it and think about WHAT happened, WHY it happened and HOW it happened which would make more sense to the understanding of the subject. It can be said that more explicit understanding and knowledge must be used in the practice. Schon (1987) argues that a practitioners reflection can serve as a remedial to overlearning. Through reflection, I have understood that I could improvise on my the past repetitive experiences, and can add up to the situations which I may confront. Our University provides us a booklet which gives us precise directions about what to include and how to present. As I do not devise my own records and presentation, it seems like an effort to record it would not do any harm and reflect the learning gained from the outcome later on. The development overtime would reflect and can enhance upon it. Many students like myself are expected to take responsibilties for our own perfromance, drawing conclusions on the work on and how can it be improved. To make my reflection more effective, I think developing confidence in my own evaluation and judgement on my work will be more profitable rather than depending on the evaluations provided by tutorswhich results in developing critical and analytical thinking in future. Understanding and using feedback appropriately is a vital achievement to improve practice. For instance, considering the difference between my own evaluation and the tutors feedback assists in better reflection of work which is improvement in performance measurement. 7) CONCLUSION This study shows that reflective practice is a process of analyzing a given scenario and it can be improvised by decision making, based on the strengths and weaknesses that were observed from the evaluation. The introduction of the essay as a tool for reflection, coupled with the development of learning activities and resources should significantly develop skills in reflection in any field unit (Honey, 2000). The recognition that reflective practice has suggested is reinforced than seen as an innate ability (Loughran, 2002). The message trying to be conveyed is that the new found knowledge and learning from the the experiences should be implemented to future situations. It can be criticized that reflective practice does not free us from the need to worry about the mechanisms of professional accountability but also shows concern as how a professional may be transformed within a framework of accountabilty.

Life Leads to Many Different Choices :: Science Teachers Teaching Education Essays

Life Leads to Many Different Choices I’ve always had a love for science. When I was young I wanted to be a scientist. As I got older I wanted to become a doctor, and now I’m pursuing a degree in teaching. Being a scientist would’ve been the best thing in the world. I used to go outside, catch bugs and study them. I’d look at rocks and try to figure out what they were made of. I’d take stuff apart to figure out how it worked or what it was made of. One year I got a microscope kit for Christmas. I’d sit for hours looking at stuff under the microscope. I looked at everything under that microscope from bugs found in the yard to leaves from trees, even just a small plain sheet of paper. I wanted to be a scientist and work at NASA during that period of my life. When entering high school things were changing, but I still loved science. Up until my eleventh grade year I wasn’t sure what I wanted to do. I had entered a club that gave me a four-year scholarship for college if I went into the science field. My eleventh grade year I took a high school anatomy class and loved it. This made me really want to become a doctor. I wanted to become a Pediatrician because I’ve always loved kids. When I was younger other than science I used to baby-sit. I thought pediatric care would be the most wonderful thing at that period of my life. Up until this summer I wanted to become a Pediatrician. There were many factors that influenced why I wanted to become a teacher. One factor was I’m unsure of myself in being able to get into medical school and being able to do the work. So teaching was next on my list. Another factor is I don’t want to be in college a whole lot longer. I want to get a master’s degree later on but at this point in my life I want to get on with it. Another factor is I don’t have the money to go on to medical school, so teaching is my next option. My last factor is over the summer I worked in the Energy Express program and loved it. During Energy Express I mentored a group of eight students read, write, and do art projects.

Essay --

5 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS This chapter discusses the software requirement specification about the project followed the functional and non-functional requirement of the â€Å"INTERACTIVE SKETCHED BASED IMAGE SEARCH†. 5.1 Purpose When a sketch is input by a human there will clearly be a degree of accuracy to which the point of reference and scale of the shapes will remembered, and so errors with comparison to the target image or images will be present. The edges of objects and neighborhood within the image define shapes; extraction of these shapes can be used for image similarity. This supports indexing leads to imaginative memory usage since the indexes are always smaller than images themselves. Indexing speeds up the search process lengthily which is very important in the image search application. 5.2 Scope The input plan of this project is the improvement of a system to allow the searching of database of images using the visual data stored within the images. Here the aim is to develop a system which allows query upon the image content of the images, with the user providing a sketch of the image or images that they desire to retrieve. The key aim is the development of a speedy and correct algorithm for the extraction and comparison of the visual data from images. Some important point takes in consideration while development they are as follows: †¢ Identification of the restriction of current content based images retrieval systems so that these areas can be improved upon. †¢ Research into the field of content based image retrieval and rapid algorithm development. †¢ Design and accomplishment of a system to perform content based image retrieval using sketched input. †¢ Expansion of an algorithm for the extraction and sim... ... for that. In Unit testing, is the first level of testing and is performed prior to integration testing. All error handling paths should be tested. Drivers and/or stubs need to be developed to test incomplete software. 7.2.2 Integration Testing In integration testing the individual tested units are grouped as one and the interface between them is tested. There are mainly three approaches to do integration testing, Top-down approach, Bottom-up approach Big bang approach Integration testing is a software testing methodology used to test individual software components or units of code to verify interaction between various software components. Main program used as a test driver and stubs are substitutes for components directly subordinate to it. Subordinate stubs are replaced one at a time with real components (following the depth-first or breadth-first approach).

Unhealthy America

American is supposed to be the strongest nation in the world however we have managed to grasp the largest and most unhealthy nation trophy along with it. Americans care more about how quickly they can grab a meal rather than what that meals consists of and how bad the food is for the body. Americans are becoming increasingly unhealthy with every meal they consume. My aunt went on a trip to Greece recently where she says the food was exquisite and utterly delicious. While she was crashing a Greek wedding she got to experience some of the traditional food. She said the meats were fall off the bone tender with more explosive tastes than her taste buds could handle. She said the salad was a rainbow of green lettuce with mixed with reds of all colors for tomatoes. She produced a tiny bottle that once was full of homemade Greek salad dressing that the mother of the bride had made especially for her daughter’s perfect day. She recalled how immaculate the food was saying specifically she had never seen such amazing foods in America and wished she could bring the cooks back with her. She later told me that when she got back to the states, she realized just how bad she ate before she went on her trip and she sees more clearly now just how unhealthy Americans really are. Her story prompted me to step back and look closer at how we as a nation choses what we are eating. I took my son to the grocery store to get food for the next couple weeks. I made all of his food myself instead of buying processed baby food because I know it is much healthier for him and it makes me think about what I eat. While we were in the fruits and vegetables isle, I noticed we were one of three people shopping in this area while the rest of the market place was packed with people. With the previous conversation stuck in my head, I decided to look around at what others were purchasing around me. I spotted a woman with a shopping cart mounding over with food. The looks of her cart reminded me of a contest I watched on TV where the mom got 5 minutes to get as much stuff as she could and by the end of her 5 minutes her cart was overflowing with stuff. As I watch her carefully choose what she was placing in her cart I realized we were in the frozen foods section. She was staring at a glass door intensely. Behind that glass door sat probably 20 different variations of ice cream. While this stranger and her overweight daughter discussed the options together, I watched her pick up two different one gallon containers of ice cream. One container had chocolate swirls throughout the off white vanilla ice cream and the other had the same chocolate swirls accompanied by pink strawberry swirls. I could hear her daughter asking for one kind and her mother saying she wanted the other kind. So instead of having to choose between the two different gallons of ice cream, she placed both containers in her already overflowing cart. I could sense both of their insulin levels increasing as they began to walk away with their prized frozen treats. While I was standing in the isle with this mother-daughter duo, I was able to get a good look at what they had stuffed in to their cart. I saw several blue boxes of Mac-N-Cheese paired with packages of processed animal intestines otherwise known as hotdogs. I could count six boxes of Hamburger Helper and each one a different variation but all boxes had the detail in bold of being doubly cheesy. I would think that a box of processed food that only needs to have water added to it is not the healthiest meal a mother could make for her child. I also spotted a couple 12 packs of various types of soda. I saw short green soda containers of individual bottles of Mountain Dew placed neatly on the side wall of her cart. Thinking to myself I remembered something I read saying that Mountain Dew has the most sodium per bottle than any other soda drink in the business. I came to the conclusion that my aunt was right. We as a nation are not only eating unhealthy but teaching our children to do the same as well. After leaving the grocery store with our fruit and veggies in hand, I decide to stop at fast food restaurant to grab a salad for lunch. While in line the person ahead of me places his order. The young lady taking his order is a very short woman with a very wide stance. As he gives his order I recount the experience that I had just had, watching this stranger and her daughter purchase mass quantities of food that were processed and extremely unhealthy. The gentleman tells the cashier he would like a Quarter Pounder with cheese. He asks for an extra slice of cheese, extra pickles and no lettuce or tomato. While the young lady quickly punches thing in to her computer screen to detail the order to his specific wants, he also adds that he would like to supersize his meal and requests a fresh batch of French fries. In my head, still reeling from my conversation with my aunt, I thought about how much grease this man is going to eat in just his lunch sitting. The woman waddled over to the fryers that were full of what looked like grease that had not been changed in a week, pulled out a new bag of frozen French fries, filled the container full of them and slid them in to the hot, boiling grease to cook. With his order being made, I couldn’t help but to think of all of the calories in his meal that he was getting ready to devour. He stepped aside waiting on his food and I placed my order for a grilled salmon salad with no dressing. I quickly realized our two orders couldn’t be more on the opposite sides of the nutrition chart as his meal was nothing but fat and grease and mine containing lettuce, fish, cheese and tomatoes. Another stranger opting to eat absolutely nothing good for them. As I sit down to enjoy my salad I look around and see the meals of others in the restaurant. I take out a package of already cut up bite size pieces of peaches for my son to each since he is only 7 months old. Trying to be inconspicuous, I look at the table next to me. A mother and her two young children are sitting, enjoying their lunches. The mother had a cheeseburger with so much ketchup running out of the sides you would think there was more ketchup that meat. Her youngest son had a 10 piece chicken nugget meal. The nuggets were obviously fried but the meat inside was a strange color of grey leading me to believe it was imitation meat. The little boy devoured each nugget only after carefully dipping each one of the nuggets in to a tub of barbeque sauce, making sure to lather each inch of the nugget to his desired amount. The oldest boy had the same fried, strangely grey food but was dipping his nuggets in to ketchup. In my head I couldn’t help but to sum up their lunch as to being fried fat and fried imitation meat, all lathered in a sodium filled dipping sauce. I quickly finished my meal and headed for the door. I had set my mind that I would not be like that mother, teaching her sons that eating unhealthy was acceptable. As I started putting away my groceries, I also started riding my cupboards and refrigerator from anything processed. It was clear to me that the word unhealthy was quickly becoming our nation’s primary adjective. As I reflect on my conversation with my aunt and the experiences I had with the unknowing strangers I watched purposely chose fatty, processed, fried and ultimately the most unhealthy foods possible, I realized obesity is not just a term used to define a plus size individual but a growing epidemic that is quickly spreading across our great nation. Unhealthy Americans are more prominent in society today and the growing trend does not look to be slowing down any time soon.