The Alien And Sedition Acts :: essays research papers

The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues that had been developing since the penning of the Constitution. The writers of the document knew that over time the needs of the nation and its people would change, and therefore provided for its amendment. But by not expressly delegating powers to specific organizations, whether the federal government, state governments, or the people themselves, they inadvertently created a major problem in the years to follow: Constitutional interpretation.Shortly after the Constitution's ratification, two distinct camps formed, each believing in opposite manners of interpretation. One group, the Federalists, led by the newly appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, thought that the Constitution should be interpreted very loosely. He claimed that the Constitution contained powers other than those delegated or enumerated. These unspecified powers were implied powers. To explain these powers, Hamilton said it would be natural - or implied - that the federal government would gain control over any territory gained through conquest of purchase, although the Constitution made no mention of territorial control. In essence, Hamilton wished to use the implied powers to build a strong and authoritative central government.In 1789, the Minister to France Thomas Jefferson, to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania, protesting that "I am not of the party of the federalists. But I am much farther from that of the anitfederalists." However, the situation was so sensitive that he could not help but chose a side. In 1795, Jefferson wrote to a congressman from Virginia, William Giles, that he "held "t honorable to take a firm and decided part." The group he sided with, the Democratic-Republicans, favored a strict interpretation. As their leader, Jefferson argued that all powers not enumerated by the Constitution belonged to the States. The basi s for his argument was the old English "compact" theory. This theory stated that various individuals, in this case the states, joined together in a formal agreement of government. Since the states had drawn up the contract and given power to the federal government, it should be up to them to decide who received the power, not the body they created.This debate over interpretation thus sparked one of the first and major issues that eventually led to the Alien and Sedition Acts: should a strong central government be formed (federalist desire), or should the individual states have control. And wild attacks of the ensuing debate also ignited the second issue, public defamation, which led to the Sedition Act.

Essay on Anna Quindlen’s “A Quilt of a Country” Essay

People are such disparate things, they range from black to white to boy and girl, and of all the nations on Earth, I’d have to say that America is the one country that exemplifies that the most. Unlike other normal nations, populated with a certain groups of people who hold certain types of beliefs, America is a nation made up of all the ethnicities of the world, and unlike other normal nations, the inhabitants of America don’t tend to get along very well. Anna Quindlen writes about why America shouldn’t work, yet does, in a short article titled â€Å"A Quilt of a Country.† She uses effective evidence and valid reasoning to support her thesis, and she also divides her article into two separate sections: the first designated to proving why America shouldn’t work, and the second designated to why it does work. These two in conjunction culminate into an effective argument, that proves that America shouldn’t work, and yet miraculously does. In th e first half of the article, she immediately starts by stating a part of her claim, America is a nation of conflicting and interchanging parts, and right afterwords attacks the notion it was founded on by pointing out that most people consider themselves to be better than someone else. This serves to support her claim, that America shouldn’t work, by disproving its very foundations. She then uses a historian’s quote in order to build off of and make her analogy, that America is a quilt. This analogy reinforces her claim by drawing a striking comparison between America and a quilt and helps readers interpret what she’s saying. Afterwords she says that the American consensus to treat everyone equally has failed spectacularly, and proves it by listing numerous examples of social and racial prejudice, such as the lynching of blacks and the discrimination against women. Not only does this butcher America’s foundations(again), it also makes the allusion that America is a very violent place filled with turmoil. Both of these would support the idea that America shouldn’t have worked in the first place, which is her claim. With all those examples of failure and injustice in mind, she asserts that it would be hard to explain to children why America is great, which also supports her claim because it makes another inference that America shouldn’t work. Anna’s third paragraph is dedicated to addressing a counterclaim, that the rise of ethnic-based pride has undermined unity. She argues that America has always been undermined by differences in race, and this new rise of pride has amounted to nothing. Although the counterclaim in this paragraph  doesn’t directly oppose Anna’s claim, perhaps it even supports it, the evidence and reasoning she uses supports the idea that America shouldn’t work. Quindlen’s account of past Philadelphia is a one of distaste and hostility, and her description of other cities that existed around the same time are just as bleak. Like the other pieces of evidence, these two support her claim by giving America the appearance of a country that’s in internal conflict, and shouldn’t work. She finally moves into her last paragraph in the first half, in which she first ponders the existence of this nation, and then depicts it as being filled with conflict. Her sentences in this paragraph follow a similar structure, at least in the beginning, in which she starts out with â€Å"What is the point of a nation in which†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and proceeds to give a negative example of the denizens of America. This repetition acts t o cement the idea that America is dysfunctional, which is the core of her claim, and after the repetition stops she ends the paragraph with a change of tone, when she says that despite all of this, America still stands. This change of tone signals the transition into the second half, in which she moves on from explaining why America shouldn’t work, to why America does work. Unlike the first half, where Anna Quindlen’s tone implies that America is a collection of warring ethnicities, she changes her diction from doubtful to dumbfounded in order to better suit her goal, proving that America does work. She starts out by claiming that the reason America remains intact is a common enemy. Anna supports her reason by listing some examples of wars where we were united against a single entity, such as the cold and world wars. After that, she points out that during times where we didn’t have a nation to fight against, we were less united and more separate. She also points out that we became reunited as a result of 9/11. This supports her reason because through deductive reasoning, the reader concludes that a common enemy is what binds the people of America. These pieces of evidence suppor t her central thesis because they prove that the existence of an enemy makes us united, which would in turn make us work together and subsequently make America work better, which is her claim. In the next paragraph, however, she starts out by bringing up that most Americans still say that â€Å"The U.S. is a unique country that stands for something special in the world†, even during peace time. This would imply that there’s another reason why America’s still united, and Anna Quindlen  uses this quote to justify her next sentence. Her next sentence which depicts America in a fashion that makes it seem implausible, supports the part of her claim that says America shouldn’t work, and she also says that it somehow does, annoyingly. This aids the second half of her claim, America does work. In the last sentence, she finally states what the other reason for America working is: two strains of behavior. She says that the first strain of behavior is the hardworking psyche of Americans, and the second strain is the pilgrim-like persona of immigrants. Her support for her reason is a quote that the immigrants of a couple decades ago are just like the immigrants of today, who work hard and are subsequently making a living, which would allude to the idea that these personalities persist throughout all of America, regardless of time or space. With that in mind, it s upports her claim because it shows that we all have something in common, and therefore can become unified more easily, which makes America work better. After all of that, she moves onto her very last paragraph; her conclusion. She starts off by pondering what word best describes the people who live in America, from tolerance to pride, and then mirrors her claim by describing America as a ludicrous idea that shouldn’t work, yet does. She then says that the people of America are so varying, you could trace back the heritage to each person who died during 9/11 to every single country in the world; this analogy aids to the allusion that America is a collage of disparate and disjointed parts. Finally, in the very last sentences of the article, she draws a connection to the beginning of the article by reusing the phrases: mongrel nation, and improbable idea, and by mirroring the beginning and last statements of her article, she creates a lasting impact on the reader. Anna Quindlen’s article, â€Å"A Quilt of a Country†, uses a wide range of evidence in order to validate her reasons, from quotes to analogies to explanations, and not only are they effective, they all help support her central thesis, one way or the other. Anna also divided her article into two separate sections, in which she focused on supporting one aspect of her claim in each. This let her orientate and tune her words for a specific purpose, and not flood the reader with conflicting conclusions. In the end, Anna succeeded in proving why America shouldn’t work, yet does, and she succeeded in proving that America is composed of different, even conflicting ethnicities. People truly are such disparate things, as Anna Quindlen would agree, they range from  black to white to boy and girl, and America is the one country that exemplifies that the most. Unlike other nations, America’s truly a wonder when it works.

Constitution vs. Articles of Confederation

M. S. 226 Syed Faridi 701 3/16/13 Constitution Vs. The Articles of Confederation were the first governing policy for the United States of America and were in place from 1781-1789. However it is governing power was extremely limited. There were many differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. At the end of the American Revolution the free states needed some sort of control that would generate to a unified country. Issues arose such as: How should power be divided between local and national governments? How should laws be made, and by whom?Who should be authorized to govern those laws? How could the government be designed to protect the unalienable individual rights? Their first attempt at solving this issue was the Articles of Confederation, which was a failure for the most part, but not completely. After the failure of the articles, the state delegates tried to revise the articles, but instead, constructed the Constitution. There were so many changes made and very little remained the same. The states attempted to limit the power of the national government because they feared that it would become a monarchy.In an effort to limit the power of the national government, Congress created one without enough power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems. One of the main weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation was its incapability to regulate trade and levy taxes. The states controlled all of their â€Å"cash flows. † Sometimes, the states were in debt because of tariff wars that they would engage in with one another. Because of these debts, the states refused to give the national government the money it needed.Hence, the government could not pay off the debts it had gained during the revolution, including paying soldiers who had fought in the war and citizens who had provided supplies to the cause. Congress could not pass needed measures because they lacked the nine-state majority require d to become laws and couldn’t amend articles because unanimous consent of the all states was required. The states largely ignored Congress, which was powerless to enforce cooperation, and it was therefore unable to carry out its duties.The national government could not force the states to adhere to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 ending the American Revolution. Foreign countries saw lack of unity in states. Because of the lack of income the national government collected, the new nation was unable to defend its borders from British and Spanish abuse because it could not pay for an army when the states would not contribute the necessary funds. The country would not get rich as a whole because states controlled all interstate commerce.States coined their own money and regulated its supply, so values of currency varied from state to state. In conclusion, In 1781 American colonists took hold to the Articles of Confederation, their first outline of democracy. The Articles set up a good base for government, but it was soon realized that it needed a lot of work. In Philadelphia a group of the most well educated and experienced men of America met to revise the Articles of Confederation. The result of this meeting was not a revised Articles of Confederation, but a new document that outlined the government we have today. This was the Constitution.

MHR week asses

Knowledge is composed of which three interrelated types? Answer Declarative, practical, and strategic Declarative, practical, and skill Compilation, automatic, and strategic Declarative, procedural, and strategic None of the above 4 points Question 2 1. Which of the following is evidence supporting the assertion that companies are investing in more training? Answer Higher net sales per employee Higher gross profits per employee Higher ratios of market to book value 80th A & 3 All of the aboveQuestion 3 1. Learning Is defined as a temporary change in cognition that results from experience and may influence behavior. A relatively permanent change In understanding and thinking that results from experience and directly influences behavior. A relatively permanent change in understanding and thinking that models a temporary change In understanding and thinking. A relatively permanent change in cognition that results from self efficacy and 1 OFF Question 4 1. In the training process model, evaluation begins at which point?Answer During the design phase. During the implementation phase. During the analysis phase. During the development phase. Question 5 1. A reason there might be conflict among HARD and ODD professionals is that the ODD practitioner Answer has a more tactical approach. Tends to be seen as overly analytical. Deals with mostly middle management. 80th A & B. 80th A & C. Question 6 1. A mechanistic design is best applied in which of the following situations? Answer Non routine technologies Small businesses High volume assembly linesWhere there are not clear answers to many of the problems that arise 4 points Question 7 1. ODD interventions could be implemented more successfully if they included training where employees Answer developed a common knowledge and skill base in the area of the intervention. Understood group dynamics and became skilled at working within groups. Understood and became skilled at using a common problem solving model. Question 8 1. T he Authors use the acronym ASK to refer to what? Keep, simple, and attitude Knowledge, skills, and attitudesKnowledge, strategy, and aptitude Know, strategy, always Question 9 are the foundations for competencies. Tests SOAK'S Strengths Motivation Skill sets Question 10 1. Which best explains the strategic training alternative of the internal provider? All or most training developed in house, each phase handled by specialists, and needs developed from a decentralized HARD function All or most training purchased from outside sources, each phase handled by specialists, and needs developed from a centralized HARD function.

Art with functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art with functions - Essay Example Therefore, the clarification of function depends on the context. Since, one can look at a piece of art and be able to tell its origin and time of its creation. In other instances, one tries to identify the artist, as he or she is half of the contextual equation. That is, what was the artist thinking about when he/she created the piece and to the viewer what does the piece of art mean right now, living in the moment. These factors are put in consideration before the assignment of function (Berkus 78). The function of art falls usually falls within three categories. These are physical, social and personal functions. In most cases, these three categories overlap in any given piece of art (Giovannini 235). The physical aspects of the functions of art are easy ones to deal with this is because works of art are to perform some physical functions. For example, e if one sees the Fijian war club may assume its function. However, brilliant the artisanship may be the club’s task is to perform the physical utility of smashing skulls. Another example is the Japanese Raku bowl that performs the physical functions in the tea ceremony. On the contrary, a fur- covered Dada teacup has no physical function. Art has social functions when it addresses collective aspects of life, rather than one person’s point of view. Political art usually performs this task. The fur- covered Dada teacup, which is useless for holding tea, when carried to social functions it is a protest to World War 1. In addition, satire performs social functions. William Hogarth and Francisco Goya both went this route, with different levels of success at enacting social change. In other instances, a piece of art in a community can achieve the social function of uplifting the community’s status. A Calder stabile is an outstanding example of a community’ s point of pride and a valuable treasure. The personal utilities of art are the most complex to explain because they are many and

British Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

British Constitution - Essay Example The Blacks Law Dictionary is particularly elaborate giving the specifics of a constitution. According to the Blacks Law Dictionary, definition of constitution the British constitution applies to this definition to some smaller extent. Most nations have written constitutions, such as constitutions of most modern democracies. The constitution of Britain, by contrast, is unwritten or uncodified. Its traditions are informal and based on several different laws. Unlike other democracies, Britain has no official document that explains the governance of the nation. The lack of a written document links to the British history. Britain never experienced a revolution like other countries, and never had any regime change. Because of this, their constitution continued to evolve for such a long time and this combined with the relative stability of Britain, development of a constitution never occurred. Experts pertaining to constitution usually refer to several laws, treaties and conventions, which they compile to make up a constitution. The several compilations that make up a constitutio n include Acts of Parliament, Treaties, conventions, Royal prerogative, works of authority, European Union law and the Common law. Their constitution is by standards less democratic, not intelligible and not accountable enough to govern a country in the modern democratic world (KING, 2009). Unlike constitutions of most democracies that dictate distribution of power to various organs, in Britain such power resides in the arms of the crown. Power that is unlimited and unaccountable derives from the crown where the queen exercises some of it and most of it by the government. The queen exercises four constitutional powers. These are only limited to her, and nobody can exercise them on behalf of her. They include the power to chose and appoint the countries prime minister, the power to dissolve a sitting parliament, dismissal of government and the power to withhold royal assent to legislation

My Legends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My Legends - Essay Example What happened to me in sixth grade was just a spot of my bad history the real beginning was in junior high school. After graduating from primary school, I went to the fourth junior high school in the city. This was the best school in my hometown, but it was also famous for bad boys and girls. Most bad students from my city came to this school. There were three grades and I made several new friends who always wanted to play. I usually go with them and we played together every day. In China, we can’t smoke and go to the entertainment places. However, I started to smoke and was able to go to internet clubs with them. Sometimes we fight with other students for any reason, so some students were scared of us and treated us as bad guys, but we were not the worst students. Even though I always did bad things, my grade was a little good. I was good at English and Math, and I always got in the first three ranks. At the same time my parents began to work on their own company, so they har dly had time for me, and I started to behave worse. Actually, I thought I would have a party time without my parents’ control over me, but it didn’t take long. One day, I went to the internet club, as usual, not knowing that my mother followed me;. she criticized me and pulled me home. As a punishment, my parents made me kneel for three hours to reflect on what I did. Another occasion, my father learned from his friend that I also involved myself in fighting in the streets, so I was again punished for it.