Journal Response to Cry, the Beloved Country Chapters 10-17 Article

Journal Response to Cry, the Beloved Country Chapters 10-17 - Article Example He is intimidated by the way of life in the city. Compared to the Kumalo, Msimangu understands better the evils that have bedeviled Johannesburg. However, instead of complaining, he is a mouthpiece for solutions and change. According to Msimangu, the white minority oppress the black community for fear of their power and not of their weakness. For Msisimangu, only love can overcome the fear of domination. Though the relationship between Kumalus and Msimangu is shaky in the beginning, they embrace Msimangus ideas and understand the meaning of love. Kumalo is so bitter with the situation at Ezenzelini that he says that the world is full of fear and despair. However, it is the encouragement he gets from Msimangu that reignite his hope of a better tomorrow. Msimangu encourages Kumalo, and this narrows down their differences (Paton 17). The chapter is sorrowful given that Kumalo learns of the troubled son. Moreover, the situation affects Kumalo to much he says that even fire cannot make him

Hippa and Information Technology Essay Example for Free

Hippa and Information Technology Essay In this checkpoint I will be discussing certain questions that involve HIPPA and information technology. With technology growing every single day, there are questions that are always involved when dealing with medical record issues. One question would be what advantages could a standardized medical records database offer? What HIPPA issues could arise? And why do you believe technology in the medical records management industry is so far behind other industries? These are the questions I will be answering in this checkpoint. I will start off by talking about the advantages a medical records database could offer. The main advantage of a standardized medical records database would be the convenience. To be able to locate a file with the push of a button would make work for the staff a lot faster. With paper documents it could take hours for another physician or hospital to obtain the information they would need. Another advantage would be the time it would take for a person to travel to and from their physician office to obtain their records for another facility. What HIPPA issues could arise? The main issue when dealing with medical records being online would be their patient’s information staying safe. In these days too many people are able to access sites and databases that should be secure. With people being able to hack and steal identities, this is a major problem when it comes to HIPPA issues. Another issue that could arise would be a patient not signing the forms to allow information to be posted. If a patient does not sign their name, their information should not be put online or given to any other individual. Who do you believe technology in the medical records management industry is so far behind other industries? I believe that the medical record management industry is behind others is because of security. The information that this industry deals with is very sensitive and should be protected at all costs. There are several laws that are in place to insure the protection of the patients and if any of their information were to be leaked, the facility would be in a position for legal action.

B. F. Skinner Essays -- Psychology Psychological Skinner Essays

B.F. Skinner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.F. Skinner was one of the most influential theorists in modern psychology. His work was very important and has been studied by many for years. Skinner was a very straightforward man and a very educated man. His theories have helped mankind in many ways. He has studied the behavior patterns of many living organisms. Skinner was a well-published writer. His work has been published in many journals. He also has written many books on behaviorism. His most important work was the study of behaviorism.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  First began by John B. Watson, behaviorism is one of the most widely studied theories today. B.F. Skinner and His Influence in Psychology B.F. Skinner was one of the most famous of the American psychologists. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1904. Skinner was the father of modern behaviorism. Skinner did not get into psychology until he was in graduate school at Harvard. He was driven to Psychology after reading about the experiments of Watson and Pavlov. He received his doctoral degree in three years and taught at the University of Minnesota and the University of Indiana and finally returned to his alma mater at Harvard. Skinner contributed to psychological behaviorism by performing experiments that linked behaviors with terms commonly used to describe mental states. Skinner was responsible for some famous experiments such as the â€Å"Skinner box†. Skinner also wrote some very famous books. One of them was â€Å"The Behavior of Organisms†. This book describe s the basic points of his system. Another was Walden Two. This book describes a utopian society that functions on positive reinforcement. Skinner was a very productive person until his death in 1990 at the age of 86.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Behaviorism is a school of thought in psychology that is interested in observable behavior. Skinner said, â€Å"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the philosophy of that science.â€Å" There are various types of behavior, such as innate behavior. Innate behaviors are certain behaviors that we are born with, such as eating when we are hungry and sleeping when we are tired. Early Life Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania on March 20, 1904 to William Arthur and Grace Madge Skinner. Skinner also had a younger brother named Edmond James Skinner, born November 6, 1906. At the young age of sixteen, Edmond died of a cerebral aneurysm. .    .. ...nd that behavior is modifiable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In another of Skinner’s famous works he talks about his three-part thesis on human behavior. He believed that biology, genotype, and conditioning all work together in natural selection and in the development of social environments. His life was going very well, He had a good family, two children and wife. He also had a good job teaching Psychology at his alma mater, Harvard University. Before his death in 1990 when he died at the age of 86 of leukemia that he had contracted when he was younger. Even when he was dying he still delivered a paper to the American Psychological Association. His work and theories always will be looked at and studied. B.F. Skinner was one of the most important American psychologists ever. He was known as the father of operant conditioning. Skinner’s experiments have paved the way for many ideas and theories that may be developed by future generation psychologists. He was responsible for writing many books that also have he lped in understanding behaviorism. He tried to explain how human behavior would change if the environment were manipulated. In my opinion, Skinner was one of the most well known psychologists.

Airtread Case Writeup Essay

1. Ms. Zhang wanted to keep things simple by assuming a stock purchase using the maximum amount of leverage available to conduct the merger, and she assumed that the acquisition debt could consist of a single tranche amortizing monthly over 10 years, but with bullet payment to bring AirThread’s leverage ratios in line with those of the industry. So from 2008 to 2012, the D/E ratio of AirThread would change continuously until the bullet payment is paid, so we expect to use APV valutation method from 2008 to 2012, since it is more efficient to adjust the PV of FCF than to figure out the annual WACC. From 2013, the D/E ratio of AirThread would be in line with the industry, indicating the company will rebalance its D/E ratio, so we expect to use WACC method from then on to value AirThread. 2. Before we calculate the discount rate, we need to make the following assumptions: a. Since Ms. Zhang wanted to keep things simple by assuming a stock purchase using the maximum amount of leverage available and a debt to value ratio not exceeding 50%, so we calculate the initial D/E=100% which is the maximum leverage for AirThread under this scenario. b. AirThread neither rebalanced its capital structure during 2008 and 2012, nor did it keep its debt at a fixed level. It repays its debt monthly. However, the amount of debt repaid before the end of 2012 is small compared with the total amount of debt and the total bullet payment. So when we calculate debt cost of capital from 2008 to 2012, we assume that the debt maintains at a fixed amount till the end of 2012 and the periodic payments will not have effect on the debt cost of capital. In order to use APV method to value the company from 2008 to 2012, we need to figure out the unlevered cost of asset-R(U) and cost of debt at initialization-R(D08-12) to discount the FCF back to 2007. According to Rubinstein & Ross the interest rate of the bond should be 5.5% at the initial leverage, so RD08-12=5.5%. And we expect to use the market multiples to estimate RU. We can calculate Beta(D08-12) at the initial leverage by using CAPM model. So Beta(D08-12)=1.25%/5%=0.25, at D/E=100%. However, when the capital structure of AirThread is in line with the industry, the D/E ratio is approximately 40.1%, which is less than 100%, indicating less risk in debt after 2012 when the company was in line with the industry leverage. So we assume that AirThread’s debt beta after 2012-Beta(D12-)=0.125, also we can get equity beta-Beta(E12-)=1.00 from the market multiples. Since the D/E=40.1% in market multiples, we can get Beta(U)= 0.125*40.1%/(1+40.1%)+1*1/(1+40.1%)=0.75, R(U)=(5.5%-1.25%)+0.75*5%=8%. Finally we can use R(U) to discount the FCF and use R(D08-12) to discount the interest tax shield. A detail list of inputs can be found in Sheet1. In terms of the terminal value, the discount rate=WACC-G. G is the growth rate in perpetuity, which cannot exceed the long term growth rate of US economy. The WACC is the weighted cost of capital when AirThreat keeps rebalancing the capital structure in line with the industry, the assumptions are very different from what we have made when calculating the discount rate from 2008 to 2012. So we cannot use the same discount rate to value the terminal value. 3. Compute the unlevered free cash flow and the interest tax shields from 2008 to 2012 based on estimates provided in Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 6. Based on the data provided by the case we can calculate estimated FCF which can be found in Sheet2. In calculating the ITS, we think only the interest payment can be used to calculate the ITS instead of the total payment each year. The calculation of ITS can be found in Sheet3. Free Cash Flow = EBITÃâ€"(1-tax rate) + Depreciation & Amortization – change in Net Working Capital – Capital Expenditure EBIT = Revenue – Operating Expense – COGS – SG&A – Depreciation & Amortization Among the inputs listed above, only changes in Net Working Capital is not projected with explicit figures, and assumptions concerning net working capital accounts and important related notes are listed in Sheet4.Based on our above sheets can calculation, we can arrive at the results. (in million dollar) | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| Free Cash Flow| 227.07| 347.38| 319.73| 326.04| 322.24| Interest Tax Shield| 80| 73| 66| 59| 56| 4. A company’s long-term growth rate is a function of return on capital and reinvestment rate, and should not exceed long-term macro economy growth rate. The return on capital represents the investment return and the reinvestment rate represents the proportional amount of capital reinvested to fulfill future growth of the company. So a better to estimate the long term growth rate is to return on capital multiplied by reinvestment rate. So, g=return on capitalÃâ€"reinvestment rate. A detailed disaggregation of this function can be fond in Function 1 in appendix. We need the long term growth rate of AirThread when its capital structure is in line with the industry and reflect the most recent performance after the merger event. So it is better to estimate the long term growth rate by using the 2012 year end projected financial statements. As we have computed the Δ NWC in Q3 and got other necessary inputs from the exhibits in case material, the only unknown data is the Total Assets of 2012. To project this number in 2012, we need to use the formula of Asset Turnover ratio. Asset Turnover ratio = Total revenue/ Total asset The total revenue of 2012, combining the Service Revenue and Equipment Revenue of 2012 in Exhibit 1, should be 6806.50. Then we compute the average growth rate of the Asset Turnover Ratio based on Table 2 and use the result to estimate the Asset Turnover Ratio of 2012, which is 1.58. Now we can estimate the total asset of 2012 with the Asset Turnover Ratio of 1.58. Total asset= 6806.50/ 1.58≈4311.1(in million). With the total asset of 2012, we can calculate the long-term growth rate=2.61%. The inputs and detailed result is list in Sheet5. Based on the 30-year GDP data of U.S (Dec.1976-Dec 2007), average nominal GDP growth rate is 7.3%, average real GDP growth rate is 3.3%, and inflation growth rate is 0.9%, so projected Future Growth Rate of AirThread should be between 0.9% and 7.3%, which support our estimate result of 2.61%. 5. A company’s total assets can be expressed as the sum of operating assets and interest tax shield assets. Under the assumptions that from 2008 to 2012 the total debt is fixed and in perpetuity the company keeps rebalancing the leverage ratio to be in line with the industry, we should use unlevered discount rate (Ru) to discount the FCF back to 2007. Terminal Value of FCF in perpetuity is estimated with the long-term growth rate calculated in Q4 and unlevered discount rate calculated in Q3: Terminal Value at 2012=FCF2012Ãâ€"(1+g)Ru=322.24Ãâ€"(1+2.61%)8%-2.61%=6,134.52 (million dollar) Value of operating assets=15FCFt(1+Ru)t+Terminal Value(1+Ru)5=5,176.58 (million dollar)

Comparative Essay

Assignment: Paragraph Response A Secret Lost in the Water & Mirror Image What is â€Å"Self-discovery†? The dictionary defines discover as â€Å"to gain sight or knowledge of (something previously unseen or unknown)†. In the short stories â€Å"A Secret Lost in the Water† and â€Å"Mirror Image†, there is a co-relation in the theme of self-discovery as well as few other similarities. Such as there are similarities, there also differences in between the two. The follwing paragraphs will discuss the topics above and bring insight on what â€Å"Self-discovery† means.In the story â€Å"Mirror Image† the protagonist, Alice, is learning how to be herself and adjust to a new body after having her brain transplanted. As the story progresses, Alice struggles to come to terms with her apperance and how she is percieved by her family and others. In particular Jenny, Alice's twin sister, finds herself jealous and some what resentful of her twins new appe arance, while Alice starts to be pleased with herself. However, after certain events occur Alice starts to have doubts in herself, but after a brief meet with the father of the girl whose body her brain was tranplanted in, Alice realizes that â€Å"Alice was here†.In the end Alice realizes that although she is in a new body, she is still has to learn to be herself. â€Å"A Secret Lost in the Water† is about a boy who is taught a skill/secret, however forgets this skill/secret once he became an adult and can be assume that regrets forgetting what was taught to him. In the beginning of the story, the boy's father approachs the boy and tells him that he will teach a skill or secret that was passed down on to him by his father. The boy leaves his village and after some time returns as an adult and discovers that he has lost the skill his father taught him.It is assumed that the man now feels regret for having forgotten this ability and discovers that perhaps it was not the ability that was important but the meaning of it, of not forgetting who you are or where you came from. Between the two short stories there is a co-relation of theme, however it is clear that there are differences within each story and theme is not the only difference/similarity. Both stories have protagonists that, in a way, lost their sense of identity and the theme in both short stories involves self-discovery.In comparison each story have different conclusions of the theme, in â€Å"Mirror Image† the protagonist some what resolves her issues, however in â€Å"A Secret Lost in the Water† it is unknown whether or not the protagonist ever resolves his issues. In both stories, one can observe that there is symbolism in the form of a mirror and an adler branch. In â€Å"A Secret Lost in the Water† the boy is taught an ability with an adler branch by his father, where as in â€Å"Mirror Image† Alice is given a mirror from her father. Both symbolize a messa ge that their fathers are trying to convey about what the protagonists seems to have forgetten about themselves.Both short stories have elements which are obvious in comparison, yet both have differences that are evident in a subtle manner. The theme of self-discovery has been apparent in both â€Å"A Secret Lost in the Water† and â€Å"Mirror Image†, and though both stories have similar elements, it can been seen that both have differences as well. Through reading both short stories and the observations shown, the reader can begin to gain some insight in to what self-discovery means. However, does anyone every truly learn who they are or is it a constant question of â€Å"who are we? â€Å". Does anyone ever truly stop re-discovering themselves?

Working in an EBL group Essays

Working in an EBL group Essays Working in an EBL group Paper Working in an EBL group Paper The other important concept in the profession of nursing is the empowerment of nurses themselves. Empowerment of nurses, like that of clients holds the importance of autonomy and independence. A nurses empowerment is mainly defined by the use of Kanters (1993) theory of organizational empowerment, where in order to feel empowered the nurse must be able to have access to information, support, resources and opportunities to grow and develop with the nursing environment (Lashinger and Wong 1999). These empowering structures have a personal effect on the nurse, causing the nurse to have more feelings of independence and self of this is during my clinical placement, nurses go on study days to help in their professional development. Empowerment of nurses also brings accountability which is ability to give explanation for ones actions. Accountability is becoming more and more detrimental to the health field and is playing a bigger role in the outcome of empowerment. Education and training is important in the process of empowering the nurse. Education causes knowledge and skill, which allow the nurse to first provide healthcare and second know the reason behind what he or she is doing, which empowers the nurse as knowledge is a precursor to feeling in control (Dooher and Byrt 2003). One of the hurdles in the empowerment of nurses is the tendency to rely on the management. One of the hindrances of empowerment is caused by hierarchy within the situation, whether it is between the client and nurse or the client and management. A further challenge resides not so much in the obstacles to achieving nurse empowerment but in the likely consequences of it. That is there are risks involved for those who are sufficiently empowered to speak up and challenge vested political and economic interests as part of a broader health promotion role (Kendel 2004). A final point worthy of consideration concerns not so much the challenge of empowering nurses, but the issue of empowering patients in a care setting, facilitating the ability for them to exert greater control over their care and decision making may not always be appropriate and desirable. In spite of the arguments, there is the underlying assumption that by acting in an empowering way, health professionals will become more effective and people will become healthier (Kendel 2004). In conclusion, nurses power may arise from three components: a workplace that has the requisite structures that promote empowerment; a psychological belief in ones ability to be empowered; and acknowledgement that there is power in the relationships and caring that nurses provide. (Jack 1995) REFLECTION on EBL Reflection has been defined by Taylor (2000) as: The throwing back of thoughts and memories, in cognitive acts such as thinking, contemplation, meditation and any other form of attentive consideration, in order to make sense of them, and so make contextually appropriate changes if they are required. In order to reflect on the process of the presentation, I will adapt the Gibbss reflective cycle. Description  As a group the concept of empowerment was given to us. A chair, a scribe and time keeper was appointed. We also divided the group into three sub group because it was a large group. On the first session, list of things was achieved which includes ground rules, different definition of empowerment, means, importance of and the pro and cons of empowerment. Each sub group was then allocated a topic to research and report back with. On the second session every sub group delivered their findings to the whole group but we still lacked the major points. These lead to delayed progression of the work. Decision was reached to use PowerPoint presentation and for each sub group to type their work and send it to the scribe. On the last session, we still lacked some major information but managed to put the whole work together. On the whole there was a lot of ideas and information but we lacked organisation. We had no time for practice run. The presentation was done but on reflection, our weakness and strengths was well acknowledged. Feelings  I often felt anxious and uncertain about what the group are expected to do. I felt that everyone wanted their piece of work to be used. I thought that the time allocated to the presentation was limited. I strongly believe that the group put a lot of time and effort into the process but did not show this at sometimes. I felt unable to assert my views, so I avoided open conflict in favour of an outwardly harmonious team. Looking back I wish I had the courage to challenge some views being expressed. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005) that the process of learning is experiential and it not on a conceptual level. Evaluation  The aims of the presentation were clearly stated. We had a clear indication of the purpose in the introduction. Although we had appropriate delivery of presentation, but it could have been developed using variation in the PowerPoint presentation. We should have assessed and looked at how the information was verbally presented. It was a good group work and we worked well to develop the contents, however material represented was often not referenced and on occasions unclear. We also had limited links to practice. Nevertheless, we provided quite a background to empowerment and overall, this proved to be a positive experience that made me learn to adapt to the circumstances around me. Analysis  Working in an EBL group helped me to develop and practice the skills of communication like listening, eye contact, tone of voice and team working that are essential for caring for patients in my practice area. Johns and Freshwater (2005) emphasis that communication group learning and guidance takes place through dialogue and the first art is listening. It helped me to make joined and collective decision making. I was able to learn how to share tasks and responsibilities. I acquired the knowledge of negotiation and reflection as a group. Through it, I learnt concept of empowerment as a whole. In relation to my clinical experience, I will be able to share information, knowledge and skills which will help me to participate in patient self empowerment and decision making. My own process of learning has improved dramatically through this process. Conclusion We could have focused more in analysing and looking at the concept of empowerment. We should have ensured that the aims identified were properly addressed and explored other variation of PowerPoint presentation. The link to practice could have also been clearly demonstrated. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005) reflecting on experience after event draws insights that may inform your future practice in a positive way. Action plan  If in the same situation, I will suggest to the group that we be less descriptive and provide more analysis of the concept of empowerment. To use a more coherent approach when presenting and allow time for practice run and communicate more. In regards to me as the chair, I will be more assertive in a different way. REFERENCES 1. Dooher, J and Byrt, R. (2003) Empowerment and the Health service User. Vol 2 Quay Books London. 2. Gibbs, G. (1994) Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further education Unit. Oxford University. 3. Gibson, H.C. (1991) A concept analysis of Empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 354-361. 06/04/07. 4. Jack, R. (1995) Empowerment in Community Care. Chapman and Hall. London. 5. Johns, C and Freshwater, D. (2005) Transforming Nursing through Reflective Practice. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. 6. Kanter, H. (1993) The Theory of Organisational Empowerment. Galerie Hellingman. London.

Wage Gap Between China an Us Essays

Wage Gap Between China an Us Essays Wage Gap Between China an Us Essay Wage Gap Between China an Us Essay The importance of international trade increased dramatically for the US as well as China. The ratio of the sum of exports and imports to GDP approximately doubled from the early 1970s to the mid 2000s for the US. And there is a striking feature that China was involved in about 7% percent of world trade by the mid-2000s. There is no doubt that the international trade have influenced the wage level around the world. Do wages equalize between US and China? It is the most remarkable conclusion of the Heckscher-Olin theory that trade can equalize the price of each factor of production across countries. Nevertheless, the long-term effect didn’t complete in the real world, especially in China. On majoy trend has been a rising gap between the wages of china and US. For instance, from 2000 to the year of 2009, the average wage of Chinese to that of American decreased about %. In 1970, the two countries Per capita wage level difference for 4965 dollars. On the contrary, in 1980 it turned to be 11976 dollars, 1990 for 22885 dollars. And in year of 2000, it achieved 34166 dollars. Then there was a gradual increase in mid 2000s. And by 2010, the average wage of China is only about 6% of the minimum wage standard of US. All these data clearly prove the fact that the wage gap between China and US have increased for several years. Workers remittances and compensation of employees, paid ($ millions) | |2000 |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |United States |26. 2% |30. 5% |8. 2% |0. 7% |17. 0% |8. 9% | As shown in Figure5. , China is relatively abundant in less-skilled and medium-skilled labor, and it is relatively scarce in physical capital, forest land, highly skilled labor, and arable land. But not all of China’s international trade is consistent with the Heckscher-Olin theory. The theory predicts that China will be a net importer of skilled-labor-intensive manufactured products like industrial machinery, electronic microcircuits and scientific equipment. Secondly, the theory predicts that China will be a net exporter of less-skilled-labor-intensive products like clothing, footwear, and toys. Global specialization has led to a so-called â€Å"skill-biased† trade pattern, thus there is a preference for skilled labor, which result in enlarge the wage gap between China and US. From the perspective of developed countries open up to trade with developing countries, the Heckscher-Ohlin model makes a sharp prediction. When considering about the relationship between trade and wages, we suppose that the two factors of production are skilled and unskilled labor, which Instead of capital and labor. For simplificity: Two countries: China and US Two factors: skilled and unskilled labor. China possesses a relative abundance of unskilled labor. Two goods: Skilled and unskilled labor intensive goods. H-O diagram: C. Chinese labor is undervalued One of the reasons for America and some other countries denied Chinese’ complete market economic system is that the price of labor is decided by the company rather than the market. As we known, generally, the price of labor is determined by the supply and demand in the labor market. Some economist believe that since China is abundant in labor, especially when the millions of country labor inburst into the city, the supply of labor is obviously greater than demand, keeping wage in a low level. As a result, most of the workers are in the disadvantage situation. The competition for labors is so fierce that they have to suffer the low salary in order to get the job. What’s more, since a great number of Chinese workers hold few knowledge and skill and they don’t know how to grasp their benefit and protect themselves in the labor market. As a result they have to submit to the company for living. And they have to live in a very miserable condition. One reason should be highlight is the Chinese labor union’s limited power in fighting for the labors’ benefit. Since it is less developed, we are rarely seeing what the labor union take measures today. While before it took more responsibility to deliver the Party’s policy to labors. In another aspect, all of the companies are aimed at the maximium profit, trying their best to cut costs and reduce wages. The companies are more powerful in the labor market, so the wage is decided mainly by them. In conclusion, because of the relationship in demand and supply in Chinese market, the labors’ competency, the labor union’s situation and the purpose for the company, Chinese labor has been undervalued. And this is a reason for the generation of Chinese and American wage gap. D. Technological Progress Also as we get the conclusion from the case in our book, technological progress plays an important role in increasing the wage gap between Chinese labors and American labors. The first aspect is that with the development of technology the cost and prices of some skill-intensive products decline, and the quality of these products is improved, demand for the products increases. As demand shifts toward skill-intensive products and their production increases, the demand for skilled labor expands, increasing the relative wage of skilled labor. The second aspect is the technological progress that has occurred within individual industries appears to be biased in favor of using more skilled labor. Referring to the two perspectives mentioned above, although China has been experiencing technology progress, the growth rate of it still can’t match to that of America. So the rising speed of wages in China is lower than in US, thus enlarge the gap between Chinese labors and American labors. Secondly, it is obvious that the application of technology is more widely used in US than China, so the demand of skill-intensive products of Americans is much more than Chinese. In that way, the market needs more skilled workers, resulting the salary of them increases more rapidly than that of China. E. The Deterioration of China’s Terms of Trade China ha carried out the strategy of comparative advantage in foreign trades all long, and has had great achievement on that, but bad effects also appeared such as the exacerbation of terms of trade. Another reason may be that China is an important exporter of many goods, who can influence the world price. Since China keep putting more emphasis on export and producing more and more goods for the whole world, so that the world price will fall. With a lower price and less profit, the workers’ wage may not increase or even decrease. Summary Theoretically, factor endowments theory did not consider product differences and the assumptions of the SS theorem didn’t realize. The difference of the wage levels between china and us is still huge, but china’s wage growth rate are also increase obviously. We hope that China can gradually reduce the wage gap. Although the factor price equalize theorem didn’t complete in the wage gap between China and US. However, the direction of the long run effect is likely to hold in the rest of the world. An real-world example of the tendency toward equalization is the rise in real wage in the industrializing countries of Asia( such as Singapore and South Korea) as these countries have strongly integrated themselves into world trade. Group members: Relative Factor –price Equalization: H-O-S Theorem